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''The Forum'' was an American magazine founded in 1885 by Isaac Rice. It existed under various names and formats until it ceased publication in 1950. Published in New York, its most notable incarnation (1885 until 1902) was symposium based. Articles from prominent guest authors debated all sides of a contemporary political or social issue - often across several issues and in some cases, several decades. At other times, it published fiction and poetry, and published articles produced by staff columnists in a ‘news roundup’ format. At its zenith, ''The Forum'' became one of the most respected journals in America, alongside ''Atlantic Monthly'' and ''Harper's Magazine''. It was exceptional of these in several respects, as it carried a more Southern emphasis, and was also the only journal widely accessible to Black Americans. Its articles were of such reliably high standard that they were often used as resources for colleges and universities, with the articles studied in seminar discussions. Writing in 1957, Frank Luther Mott wrote: “It would be difficult to find a better exposition of the more serious interests of the American mind in the decade of 1886 to 1896 than is afforded by the first twenty volumes of ''The Forum''...The Progress of science and industry, education in its many phases, religious controversy, and movements in literature and the fine arts gave variety to ''Forum'' content.” ''The Forum''’s first editor was Lorettus Sutton Metcalf, whose skills established the magazine’s reputation for academic content. But it was when Walter Hines Page, the noted publisher, took over as editor in 1891, that the magazine became famous. Later editors included Isaac’s brother Joseph Mayer Rice, a notable reform figure in the Progressive Era, Frederick Taber Cooper, and Henry Goddard Leach, who resumed the symposium format in 1923. Editors of ''The Forum'' were as follows: *Lorettus Sutton Metcalf (1886–91) *Walter Hines Page (1891–95) *Alfred Ernest Keet (1895–97) *Joseph Mayer Rice (1897–1907) *Frederic Taber Cooper (1907–09) *Benjamin Russell Herts (1909–10) *Mitchell Kennerley (1910–16) *H. Thompson Rich (1917–18) *Edward Wildman (1918–20) *George Henry Payne (1920–23) *Henry Goddard Leach and Frank C. Davidson (1923–26) *Henry Goddard Leach (1926–40) *Daniel George Redmond (1945–50) == Early years: Walter Hines Page 1886–95 == Rice founded ''The Forum'' as a wedding gift to his wife Julia Hyneman Barnett. A German immigrant musician, Rice had enrolled at Columbia University School of Law in 1878, and after graduating in 1880, became the librarian of Columbia’s new School of Political Science. From 1884, he taught classes in the law school, but after he began to practice law, he resigned from teaching. As a lawyer specializing in monopolies and patents, he began to invest in the railroad industry, and then the Electric Storage Battery Company, of which he became president in 1897. Rice was also a writer. In 1875, he released "What is Music?",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What Is Music? by Isaac Leopold Rice )〕 a slim volume that analysed various theories of music from across the globe, and attempted to create a cosmical theory of music based upon current knowledge. "By listening to a great composition," he wrote, "our mind undergoes the same process - first the mood, then the sentiment, then the definite thought. This order is characteristic of the perception of the beautiful in nature." An infrequent contributor to the journal, Isaac Rice chose topics that were nonetheless eclectic. They include: # July 1892: ''The Consumer''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Consumer by Isaac L. Rice, The Forum, July 1892 )〕 # October 1893: ''Public Business and the Right to Steal''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Public Business and the Right to Steal by Isaac L. Rice, The Forum, October 1893 )〕 # August 1894: ''Legalized Plunder of Railroad Properties: The Remedy''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legalized Plunder of Railroad Properties: the Remedy by Isaac L. Rice, The Forum, August 1894 )〕 # March 1912: ''Every Man is His Own Banker''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Every Man His Own Banker by Isaac L. Rice, The Forum, Friday, March 1st, 1912 )〕 In its first year, the magazine had survived on a subscription circulation of around 2,000. Walter Hines Page joined the journal the following year as the new business manager, and quickly transformed its scope and ambition. Throwing himself and his personality into the work, he became critical of board members who thought that it was beneath the dignity of the journal to directly solicit manuscripts from major writers focused on contemporary issues. Page recruited a slew of celebrity experts and well known authorities – including Congressmen – in order to attract more readers. Their work, focused on national and international events, added a large degree of timeliness to its content. Above all, Page was concerned with the state of the nation in the post Civil War period – the political landscape was dominated by the “Boss System” of party political patronage, with underqualified and corrupt candidates elected to serve the local financial and industrial interests. He held hope that Grover Cleveland would signal a reformation of that system into a higher state of honesty, frugality, and sound financial policy, yet he was disappointed by Cleveland himself, who he saw as "plodding," "unimaginative," and "unaware of the forces changing the nation." Page relinquished the editorship in 1895, over a squabble regarding control, and was hired by Houghton, Mifflin and Company, the publishers of ''Atlantic Monthly''. A few months later he left, believing he was inadequately paid, and after a brief period working at the Harper Publishing House, he formed Doubleday, Page and Company, publishers of a new periodical, The Worlds Work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Forum (defunct magazine)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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